As traditional mechanical design in automotive systems is gradually replaced by electronic design, the role of motors in automotive electronic systems is becoming increasingly important. For example, in the power system of automobiles, the traditional fuel engine has gradually developed into the current brushless synchronous motor and induction motor, truly realizing the power revolution of new energy vehicles; The traditional mechanical car chassis has gradually developed into an intelligent electronic chassis to cooperate with the implementation of autonomous driving functions.

As traditional mechanical design in automotive systems is gradually replaced by electronic design, the role of motors in automotive electronic systems is becoming increasingly important. For example, in the power system of automobiles, the traditional fuel engine has gradually developed into the current brushless synchronous motor and induction motor, truly realizing the power revolution of new energy vehicles; The traditional mechanical car chassis has gradually developed into an intelligent electronic chassis to cooperate with the implementation of autonomous driving functions. In addition, there are many electric motors on the vehicle body to increase the comfort and safety of drivers and passengers. According to incomplete statistics, in the past, the average number of electric motors on ordinary fuel vehicles was around 20-40, while in new energy vehicles, this number has increased to 100-150. In high-end new energy vehicle models, the number of electric motors will be even higher, even showing a multiple increase. With the rapid development of automotive electrification and intelligence, there will be huge growth space for automotive motors in the future.

What are the types and characteristics of electric motors in cars, and what are the driving methods for each type of motor? This article provides a detailed explanation for you.

The main types of electric motors in automobiles, in addition to high-power AC motors, DC motors ranging from a few watts to several hundred watts are the main players, accounting for a high proportion of automotive motors. DC motors are generally divided into two-phase DC brushless motors, three-phase DC brushless motors, and stepper motors. The DC brush motor adopts the mechanical commutation principle, and forms the AC transformed rotating magnetic field through the intermittent contact between the commutator and the brush. As the sliding friction between the commutator and the brush will cause loss to the carbon brush, the life of DC brushless motor is much shorter than that of DC brushless motor. In addition, DC brushless motors generate electric sparks during rotation, and the electromagnetic waves generated can also interfere with other devices. The advantages of DC brushless motors are also obvious, mainly due to the relatively simple control circuit, which utilizes single channel high or low side drive, half bridge drive, or full bridge drive, combined with PWM (pulse width modulation) speed regulation to achieve the drive and speed regulation of DC brushless motors. There are different types of DC brushless motors, such as parallel excitation, series excitation, and compound excitation. The series excitation type DC brushless motor can achieve relatively fast start-up with high torque, while the parallel excitation type DC brushless motor can achieve good speed control. DC brushless motors are mainly used in scenarios with relatively low relative speed and high torque, such as car windows, doors, tailgates, power seats, locks, parking systems, etc. The working principle of a brushless DC motor (BLDC) is mainly achieved by electronic commutation to rotate the motor. Because DC brushless motors do not have brushes themselves, their lifespan is much higher than that of DC brushless motors. At the same time, due to the lack of friction resistance of brushes, they have a higher lifespan